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Indonesia
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50,000 Rupiah, 1993 Polymer
Commemorates 25 years of Economic
Development
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Front: Haji Mohammad Suharto (1921-), second President of Indonesia
Suharto was trained in a Dutch-run military academy. During World War II, he
was a battalion commander in the Japanese-sponsored local military. After WWII
he joined the Indonesian National Revolution against Dutch and Western attempts
to re-establish colonial rule.
In 1962 he was promoted to the rank of major general and took command of the
Diponegoro division. By 1965, the armed forces split into two factions, one
left wing and one right wing, with Suharto in the right-wing camp. During the
1965-66 Civil War between the left and right factions Suharto's power grew. On
Feb 1, 1966, President Sukarno promoted Suharto to the rank of Lieutenant
General.
On March 11, 1966 the ailing Sukarno formally granted Suharto emergency
powers over the nation. Suharto proceeded to establish the New Order. He
permanently banned the Communist Party of Indonesia, purged the parliament and
cabinet of Sukarno-loyalists, eliminated labor unions and instituted press
censorship. His foreign policy shifted toward more closer ties with the United
States.
Indonesia's Provisional Parliament named Suharto President on
March 12, 1967 and he was formally elected President on March 21.
Financial crisis and dissension within the ranks of his own party forced him
to resign the presidency on May 21, 1998.
Back: Jakarta's Sukarno - Hatta International Airport
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100,000 Rupiah, 1999 Polymer
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Front: Sukarno (1901-1970), first President and Mohammad Hatta (1902-1980),
first vice president of Indonesia
Sukarno helped the country win its independence from the Netherlands and was
President from 1945 to 1967, presiding over mixed success in the country's
turbulent transition to independence. Sukarno was forced from power by one of
his generals, Suharto, who formally became President in March 1967.
Hatta is widely known as a humble leader and the conscience of the nation.
Back: Indonesia's Parliament
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5,000 Rupiah, 2001
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Front: Tuanku Imam Bonjol (1772-1864), a hero in the Indonesian struggle
against Dutch rule
Back: Woman at hand loom
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20,000 Rupiah, 2004
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Front: Otto Iskandardinata (1897-1945), national hero
Back: Two women at tea plantation
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10,000 Rupiah, 2005
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Front: Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (1767-1862), national hero
Back: Traditional Limas house
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Back to Asia
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Indonesia, located along the equator between the mainland of Southeast Asia and
Australia, was a Dutch colony. The Japanese encouraged the Indonesian
independence movement, which began between the two world wars, during their
3-year occupation in WWII. Indonesia proclaimed its independence on
August 17, 1945, and was established on 1949, after four years of Dutch
military efforts to reassert control. For a more detailed
country profile, see CIA World Factbook on Indonesia.
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