Greece, situated in southeastern Europe on the tip of the Balkan Peninsula, attained the peak of its culture in the 5th century B.C. Fell under Roman domination in the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C., Becoming part of the Byzantine Empire until Constantinople fell to the Crusaders in 1202. Became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1453. Gained independence in 1827 and established as a monarchy in 1833. Proclaimed as a republic in 1925. Monarchy was restored in 1935. Again became a republic in 1974. For a more detailed country profile, see CIA World Factbook on Greece.

Beginning on January 1, 2002 Euro becomes the official currency for Greece.