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Front: Gualberto Villarroel López (1908-1946), head of state

Villarroel overthrew President Enrique Peñaranda. He formed a coalition with the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, Bolivia's main political party. However, the government's dictatorial policies and extreme anti-Semitism (all Jewish immigration was banned) caused the RNM to break with Villarroel.

Villarroel was deposed, shot and hanged by an angry mob as political tensions escalated over his government's economic policy.

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Front: Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana (1792-1865), President of Peru (1827) and President of Bolivia (1829-1839

He was born in La Paz, Bolivia (at that time known as "Upper Peru"). During the early years of his military career, he served in the Spanish Army, located in the Viceroyalty of Peru, one of the strongholds of the Spanish Empire in South America. Viceroy Pezuela appointed him Commander in Chief of the South Coast and Military Commander of the Port of Chorrillos.

Although he was on the side of the Viceroy when San Martin, declared Independence in Lima on July 28 of 1821, Santa Cruz changed sides and joined San Martin's forces. He took part in the Battles of Junín and Ayacucho, which proved the final independence of Peru.

Santa Cruz served as President of Peru in 1827 and President of Bolivia from 1829 until 1839, where he was elected after the resignation of Antonio José de Sucre. In 1836 he persuaded Peru to unite with Bolivia, and appointed himself Supreme Protector of the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy. However, in February 1839, in part because of internal turmoil and an Expeditionary Force sent by Chile, the confederacy fell apart and Santa Cruz was not able to hold on to power in either nation.

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Front: Campesino (a farmer in Spanish)

Back: Agriculture scene

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